Mini Review

The effect of weight loss programs on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women

Aikaterini A. Kalogeropoulou

• Clinical Dietitian - Nutritionist, Athens, Greece

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Keywords: Early postmenopausal women, Weight loss, Bone mass, Diet, Exercise training

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Abstract

Menopause is an important milestone for the bone mineral density (BMD) of women. During postmenopausal period, levels of estrogen in the body reduce rapidly. Loss of excess weight at this age is important in order to reduce co-morbidities, but it can also deteriorate bone mass and boost the development of osteoporosis. The positive association between body weight or BMI and bone mineral density is well documented. Weight loss can possibly increase bone resorption through various mechanisms. During weight loss in early postmenopausal women, the usual Ca intake (1g/day) is insufficient, as increase the Ca-PTH axis through the reduction of Ca absorption. In cases where weight loss induced by diet is combined with resistance exercise, it can possibly prevent bone loss, since BMD is more closely related to muscle mass rather than to adipose tissue. Last but not least, the history of weight loss at middle age may be an indicator of the risk of hip fracture at a later stage of life, under conditions.

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