Awkward postures, improper rests, and repetitive forceful exertion are some key factors that may lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) such as fatigue, muscle imbalance, spinal dysfunction, and body pain etc. These are severe issues among the industrial workers that cause financial loss to the industry. As a scientific discipline, Ergonomics focuses on understanding the interactions between humans and their environment. Its goal is to enhance well-being, efficiency, and performance by designing products, systems, and work environments that align with human physical, cognitive, and psychological capabilities. It can significantly contribute to reduce work-related injuries, pain, and WMSD and enhance the safety and productivity. This paper introduces ergonomics and its importance, followed by ergonomic strategy implementation for improvement in working conditions of the workers, labours, and staff; and provides a review of some important past work conducted by various researchers on improving industry and/or workplace procedures and activities to obtain safety, productivity, and better health prospects. It aims to facilitate the scholars by providing knowledge on ergonomics and encourage them to establish the field further.

Maintaining balance and postural control is of central importance for the older adults, since it is associated with falls and subsequent health problems. The onset of mobility impairments is usually assessed by checking for limitations in daily activities, underlying to importance of further evaluation. Calculation of proprioception is based on tests assessing the level of somatosensory functionality, by using balance and gait tests and through the single limb postural stability test. Functional evaluation is carried out by several means, such as the Get up and Go or Functional Reach tests, the Tinetti Balance and Mobility Scale, the Berg Functional Scale, the Sensory Organization Test and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. Many interventions lead to positive effects, such as physical exercise, balance training, empowerment or strength training, combined balance and strengthening training, general exercises, tai chi. These interventions improve balance, enhance balance mechanisms of the older adults, lead to improved physical health and better mental health. Thus, it is of most importance for health professionals to use evaluations for proprioception in the older adults and to apply subsequent interventions.

Fast-track total knee arthroplasty (FT-TKA) is a procedure that depends on early rehabilitation and mobilization, reducing hospital stay. It improves clinical and functional outcomes and demands a new analgesic program for early patient recovery and mobilization. The success of this procedure depends on proper surgical planning, education, and advising of patients. The patient is educated and becomes more responsible during recovery because of the perioperative procedure. The purpose of this article is to present recommendations for the perioperative and postoperative analgesia in Fast-Track total knee arthroplasty in order to create an analgesic protocol for the patient and improve his recovery.

Fragility fracture is a clinical feature of osteoporosis and mainly occurs in the elderly. The most common sites of low trauma fractures are spine, hip, wrist, humerus and pelvis. Vertebral fractures are considered to be the most common ones and are related to acute and chronic pain, impairing the quality of patient’s life. Seasonal variation of osteoporotic fractures is a subject of interest in multiple articles. Hip fractures seem to be more frequent in winter and this is closely related to variation in the level of serum vitamin-D as well as sarcopenia. On the other hand, there are less articles and surveys regarding vertebral fractures and their seasonal variation. The main cause is the difficulty in diagnosis, considering that a big amount of vertebral fractures are underdiagnosed. The majority of the articles referring to the seasonal variation of vertebral fractures indicate no significant quantitative difference throughout the months of the year. Further investigation should be conducted in the future and a precise timeline of patients’ symptoms would be of vital importance in such cases.

Fracture healing is a complex biological process orchestrated by a delicate interplay of cellular and molecular mechanisms. While the majority of fractures heal spontaneously with appropriate treatment, challenging cases, such as atrophic nonunion, may require adjunctive therapies to achieve successful bone regeneration. In recent years, teriparatide has gained attention as a promising bone-forming agent with the potential to enhance fracture healing and improve clinical outcomes. Preclinical studies using animal models of bone injury have provided evidence supporting the efficacy of teriparatide in promoting fracture healing and resolving nonunion. Histological and radiological findings show that teriparatide enhances callus formation, accelerates bone remodeling, improves biomechanical properties, and reduces the incidence of healing complications. These preclinical results highlight the potential of teriparatide as a therapeutic agent for managing atrophic nonunion in clinical practice. However, further research is necessary to address the limitations of current studies and to establish evidence-based guidelines for the use of teriparatide in nonunion management.