Review Article

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance And Bone Disease: A Mini Review

Dimitra Sellina^1,2

1. Department of Orthopedics, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusina, Athens, Greece
2. School of Medicine, Post Graduate Course on Metabolic Bone Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

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Keywords: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, MGUS, Osteoporosis, Osteoporotic fractures, M immunoglobulin

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Abstract

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS), is a benign disease, characterized by serum monoclonal protein (M protein) levels <3g/dl, clonal plasma cells <10% in the bone marrow, and the absence of symptoms of plasma cell disorders (e.g., hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions). This review studied the association between MGUS and bone disease. A search was performed through 3 databases: PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct, and was made for retrospective, prospective or cohort studies written in the English language, with a sample of adults both males and females, with all their content freely available, and published between 2000-2023. After checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were included in the review. MGUS was associated with a high fracture risk due to low bone mineral density, trabecular and cortical abnormalities at the radius, peripheral neuropathy from falls, and undetected progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma. Even before the development of myeloma, MGUS increases the risk of vertebral fractures. Understanding this relationship and addressing both MGUS and bone health is crucial to ensure the overall well-being of these patients. Regular monitoring and appropriate management can reduce the risk of fractures and provide a well-being of higher quality.

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