Review Article

Congenital Disorders of the Shoulder Girdle: A Review of the Literature

Stefania Kokkineli¹, Christos Zafeiris², Efstathios Chronopoulos²

1. 8^th Orthopedic Department, Shoulder Unit, General Hospital Asklepieion Voulas, Athens, Greece
2. Laboratory of Research of the Musculoskeletal System, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Keywords: Shoulder girdle, Sprengel deformity, Cleidocranial dysplasia, Os acromiale, Clavicle pseudarthrosis

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Abstract

The shoulder girdle, a complex anatomical structure, plays a pivotal role in upper limb mobility and function. Congenital disorders of the shoulder girdle encompass a spectrum of rare developmental anomalies that affect the structure and function of the clavicle, scapula, and surrounding musculature, ranging from mild deformities to severe structural impairments. These conditions can lead to deformities, impaired mobility, and functional limitations, often impacting patients from early childhood. This narrative review explores etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options for congenital disorders such as Sprengel’s deformity, cleidocranial dysplasia, glenoid hypoplasia, os acromiale, humerus varus, congenital deltoid fibrosis and congenital clavicle pseudarthrosis. By providing a comprehensive overview, this review aims to improve early recognition and management of these disorders.

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