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JRPMS Vol 8, No 4, December 2024, p.142-151

doi: 10.22540/JRPMS-08-142

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Review Article

Periodontal Disease and miRNAs: Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Correlations

Andrianneta I. Avramidou1, George I. Lambrou1,2,3,4

  1. Postgraduate Program “Metabolic Bones Diseases”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Goudi, Athens, Greece
  2. Laboratory for the Research of the Musculoskeletal System “Th. Garofalidis”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
  3. Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Goudi, Athens, Greece
  4. University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Keywords: Biology, Clinical characteristics, miRNAs, Periodontal disease

Abstract

MiRNAs have recently emerged as new biomarkers, of high significance and importance, unfolding a new potential in research. These RNAs are capable of inhibiting mRNA translation, or facilitate its degradation. In the present review, we discuss the basic miRNA biological mechanisms of action on bone tissue cells, in periodontal tissues, as well as the impact of miRNAs on the correlation between periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the supportive tissues of the teeth. The damage of the periodontal tissues, is a result of the metabolism of the biofilm. At the same time, there is an activation of the host’s immune system, through an inflammatory (non-specific) response and subsequently through an immune (specific) response. This combination, of the products of the biofilm’s metabolism, as well as those of the host’s immune response, is considered one of the main causes of periodontal tissue damage and alveolar bone loss. MiRNA regulation, in periodontal tissue plays an important role in disease progression. Differences in the miRNA expression levels, affects the aforementioned inflammatory mechanisms and their interaction with periodontitis.